| 26690546 | Under such conditions, Chk2, cyclin A/CDK2 and ERK1/2 were aberrantly activated |
| 26690546 | Pharmacological inactivation of Chk2, CDK2 or ERK1/2 or depletion of CDK2 or Chk2 inhibited the centrosome amplification in ETO-treated ACT cells |
| 26690546 | Chloroquine alleviated CDK2 and ERK, but not Chk2, activation and thus inhibited centrosome amplification in either ETO- or hydroxyurea-treated ACT cells |
| 25801233 | After irradiation, the p21 protein was increased and Chk1 and Chk2 were activated |
| 25744025 | However, ATM signalling and DNA repair remained intact after lamins A/C depletion, whereas nesprin-2 disruption ablated downstream Chk2 activation and induced genomic instability |
| 23253087 | Two separate defects in p53 signaling appeared common: in nevi, lack of p53 phosphorylation by activated CHEK2, and in melanomas, defective p21 upregulation by p53 even when phosphorylated |
| 23229510 | E235 also activated DNA damage response signaling, resulting in increased levels of Ser15-phosphorylated p53, gamma-H2AX, and phosphorylated checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2), although E235 does not appear to cause physical DNA damage |
| 22952233 | Notably, these cells had increased levels of spontaneous DNA damage and phosphorylated CHK2 |
| 22417805 | We assessed the effect of garcinol on the cell cycle checkpoint after IR treatment by analyzing the phosphorylation levels of checkpoint kinases CHK1 and CHK2 and histone H3, and by cell cycle profile analysis using flow cytometry |
| 21671044 | Crucial components in the cascade of DNA damage response, including ataxia telangiectasia mutated, CHK2, p53, p21 and p16/p19(ARF), play important roles in HSC maintenance and self-renewal in the scenarios of both sufficient telomere reserve and dysfunctional telomere |
| 21149450 | The TopBP1-ablated mouse cells exhibit phosphorylation of H2AX and Chk2, indicating that the cells contain DNA breaks |
| 21118958 | Unlike transient foci, DNA-SCARS associate with PML nuclear bodies, lack the DNA repair proteins RPA and RAD51, lack single-stranded DNA and DNA synthesis and accumulate activated forms of the DDR mediators CHK2 and p53 |
| 21118958 | Importantly, depletion of the DNA-SCARS-stabilizing component histone H2AX did not deplete 53BP1 from DNA-SCARS but diminished the presence of MDC1 and activated CHK2 |
| 20947452 | Here we show pronounced senescence in pol mu(-)(/)(-) MEFs, associated with high levels of the tumor-suppressor p16(INK4A) and the DNA damage response kinase CHK2 |
| 20647331 | As the passage number increased, markers of DNA damage, including the level of gammaH2AX and CHK2 phosphorylation, were seen |
| 20457353 | Radiation-induced gamma-H2AX and Chk2 phosphorylation were induced transiently in securin-wild-type cells but exhibited sustained activation in securin-null cells |
| 20089117 | Overexpression of the mutant protein in primary fibroblasts is associated with telomere-based cellular senescence, multinucleated cells and the activation of the DNA damage response genes ATM, Chk2 and p53 |
| 20042274 | Inhibition of ATM in A2780 cells, resulting in reduced phosphorylation of Chk2, enhanced ST1968-induced apoptosis, but had no effect in KB cells |
| 19906512 | RESULTS: We now report that T-oligo increases the level of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 and protects cells from oxidative damage; and that telomere-based gammaH2AX (DNA damage) foci that form in response to T-oligos contain phosphorylated ATM and Chk2, proteins known to activate p53 and to mediate cell cycle arrest in response to oxidative stress |
| 18440596 | The cellular DNA damage response (DDR) entails the activation of ATM, ATR and/or DNA PK protein kinases that causes modifications of proteins including Chk1, Chk2 and 53BP1, aggregation of DDR proteins into foci, and activation of p53 |
| 16317088 | The Chk2 kinase is a tumor suppressor and key component of the DNA damage checkpoint response that encompasses cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and DNA repair |
| 16317088 | High-level expression of virally transduced Chk2 in A549 human lung carcinoma cells led to arrested proliferation, apoptosis, and senescence |
| 16317088 | Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of p21 in p53-defective cells expressing Chk2 resulted in a decrease in senescent cells |
| 16317088 | These results revealed a p53-independent role for Chk2 in p21 induction and senescence that may contribute to tumor suppression and genotoxic treatment outcome |
| 15930307 | These results show that whereas Akt activation suppresses temozolomide-induced Chk2 activation and G2 arrest, the overriding effect is protection from temozolomide-induced cytotoxicity |
| 15760303 | After DNA damage, activation of Rad53, which together with Chk1 represents a protein kinase central to all checkpoint pathways, normally requires Rad9, a checkpoint adaptor |
| 15760303 | RESULTS: We report that in telomerase-negative (tlc1Delta) cells, activation of Rad53, although diminished, could still take place in the absence of Rad9 |
| 15760303 | In contrast, Rad9 was essential for Rad53 activation in cells that entered senescence in the presence of functional telomerase, namely in senescent cells bearing mutations in telomere end-protection proteins (cdc13-1 yku70Delta) |
| 15760303 | In telomerase-negative cells deleted for RAD9, Mrc1, another checkpoint adaptor previously implicated in the DNA replication checkpoint, mediated Rad53 activation |
| 15760303 | Rad9 and Rad53, as well as other DNA damage checkpoint proteins (Mec1, Mec3, Chk1 and Dun1), were required for complete DNA-damage-induced cell-cycle arrest after loss of telomerase function |
| 15610769 | X facilitates the formation of DNA damage foci around uncapped telomeres, and this in turn activates downstream kinases Chk1 and Chk2 and, eventually, p53 |
| 15467458 | Dysfunctional telomeres at senescence signal cell cycle arrest via Chk2 |
| 15467458 | We have recently linked the phosphorylation and activation of one major DNA damage effector checkpoint kinase, Chk2, to telomere erosion in signalling cell cycle arrest in normal fibroblasts |
| 14608368 | We also show that senescent cells contain activated forms of the DNA damage checkpoint kinases CHK1 and CHK2 |
