HCSGD entry for PCNA
1. General information
| Official gene symbol | PCNA |
|---|---|
| Entrez ID | 5111 |
| Gene full name | proliferating cell nuclear antigen |
| Other gene symbols | |
| Links to Entrez Gene | Links to Entrez Gene |
2. Neighbors in the network
3. Gene ontology annotation
GO ID | GO term | Evidence | Category |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000082 | G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle | TAS | biological_process |
| GO:0000083 | Regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle | TAS | biological_process |
| GO:0000278 | Mitotic cell cycle | TAS | biological_process |
| GO:0000701 | Purine-specific mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity | IDA | molecular_function |
| GO:0000722 | Telomere maintenance via recombination | TAS | biological_process |
| GO:0000723 | Telomere maintenance | TAS | biological_process |
| GO:0005515 | Protein binding | IPI | molecular_function |
| GO:0005634 | Nucleus | IDA | cellular_component |
| GO:0005654 | Nucleoplasm | TAS | cellular_component |
| GO:0005663 | DNA replication factor C complex | TAS | cellular_component |
| GO:0005730 | Nucleolus | IDA | cellular_component |
| GO:0005737 | Cytoplasm | IDA | cellular_component |
| GO:0006260 | DNA replication | NAS | biological_process |
| GO:0006271 | DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replication | TAS | biological_process |
| GO:0006275 | Regulation of DNA replication | IEA | biological_process |
| GO:0006281 | DNA repair | NAS TAS | biological_process |
| GO:0006283 | Transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair | TAS | biological_process |
| GO:0006284 | Base-excision repair | TAS | biological_process |
| GO:0006289 | Nucleotide-excision repair | TAS | biological_process |
| GO:0006297 | Nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap filling | TAS | biological_process |
| GO:0006298 | Mismatch repair | IDA | biological_process |
| GO:0007507 | Heart development | IEA | biological_process |
| GO:0008283 | Cell proliferation | TAS | biological_process |
| GO:0015630 | Microtubule cytoskeleton | IDA | cellular_component |
| GO:0019985 | Translesion synthesis | IDA | biological_process |
| GO:0030337 | DNA polymerase processivity factor activity | IEA | molecular_function |
| GO:0030971 | Receptor tyrosine kinase binding | IPI | molecular_function |
| GO:0032077 | Positive regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity | IDA | biological_process |
| GO:0032139 | Dinucleotide insertion or deletion binding | IDA | molecular_function |
| GO:0032201 | Telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication | TAS | biological_process |
| GO:0032405 | MutLalpha complex binding | IDA | molecular_function |
| GO:0033993 | Response to lipid | IEA | biological_process |
| GO:0042802 | Identical protein binding | IPI | molecular_function |
| GO:0043596 | Nuclear replication fork | IDA | cellular_component |
| GO:0043626 | PCNA complex | IEA | cellular_component |
| GO:0046686 | Response to cadmium ion | IEA | biological_process |
| GO:0048015 | Phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling | NAS | biological_process |
| GO:0070557 | PCNA-p21 complex | IDA | cellular_component |
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4. Expression levels in datasets
- Meta-analysis result
| p-value up | p-value down | FDR up | FDR down |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.6728222522 | 0.0053185023 | 0.9999902473 | 0.1480930453 |
- Individual experiment result
( "-" represent NA in the specific microarray platform )
( "-" represent NA in the specific microarray platform )
| Data source | Up or down | Log fold change |
|---|---|---|
| GSE11954 | Up | 0.3426314001 |
| GSE13712_SHEAR | Up | 0.1229765383 |
| GSE13712_STATIC | Up | 0.2290724398 |
| GSE19018 | Down | -0.0509558604 |
| GSE19899_A1 | Down | -0.9177115767 |
| GSE19899_A2 | Down | -1.4058713427 |
| PubMed_21979375_A1 | Down | -1.4171091104 |
| PubMed_21979375_A2 | Down | -1.1342811603 |
| GSE35957 | Down | -1.2439741614 |
| GSE36640 | Down | -1.6841304716 |
| GSE54402 | Down | -0.8798082049 |
| GSE9593 | Down | -0.9617660299 |
| GSE43922 | Down | -0.3199402154 |
| GSE24585 | Up | 0.3484940514 |
| GSE37065 | Up | 0.0307011633 |
| GSE28863_A1 | Up | 0.1004596592 |
| GSE28863_A2 | Up | 0.8930673077 |
| GSE28863_A3 | Down | -0.2881357220 |
| GSE28863_A4 | Up | 0.3585948399 |
| GSE48662 | Down | -0.9119327887 |
5. Regulation relationships with compounds/drugs/microRNAs
- Compounds
Not regulated by compounds
- Drugs
Not regulated by drugs
- MicroRNAs
- mirTarBase
- mirTarBase
MiRNA_name | mirBase ID | miRTarBase ID | Experiment | Support type | References (Pubmed ID) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hsa-miR-193b-3p | MIMAT0002819 | MIRT016528 | Microarray | Functional MTI (Weak) | 20304954 |
| hsa-miR-124-3p | MIMAT0000422 | MIRT023210 | Proteomics;Microarray | Functional MTI (Weak) | 18668037 |
| hsa-miR-26b-5p | MIMAT0000083 | MIRT030351 | Microarray | Functional MTI (Weak) | 19088304 |
| hsa-miR-24-3p | MIMAT0000080 | MIRT030631 | Reporter assay;Western blot;qRT-PCR | Functional MTI | 19748357 |
| hsa-miR-615-3p | MIMAT0003283 | MIRT039725 | CLASH | Functional MTI (Weak) | 23622248 |
| hsa-miR-30a-5p | MIMAT0000087 | MIRT049960 | CLASH | Functional MTI (Weak) | 23622248 |
| hsa-miR-18a-5p | MIMAT0000072 | MIRT050722 | CLASH | Functional MTI (Weak) | 23622248 |
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- mirRecord
No target information from mirRecord
- mirRecord
6. Text-mining results about the gene
Gene occurances in abstracts of cellular senescence-associated articles: 34 abstracts the gene occurs.
PubMed ID of the article | Sentenece the gene occurs |
|---|---|
| 26683595 | Following inhibition of ASPH activity, phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta and p16 expression were increased to promote senescence, whereas cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were decreased to reduce cell proliferation |
| 25819580 | DESIGN: First, the localization of SIRT6 and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in human cartilages was examined by immunohistochemistry |
| 25440825 | Proliferating cell nuclear antigen and LC3 were positively correlated in the renal pelvis and UPJ (P < |
| 25293814 | The cell cycle, electric nuclear volume and CD44 expression were evaluated using flow cytometry, and the phosphorylated H2AX (gamma-H2AX), p53, p21 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels were evaluated by Western blot analyses |
| 25040935 | This PIM-1-mediated HP1gamma phosphorylation enhanced HP1gamma's capacity to bind to H3K9me3, resulting in heterochromatin formation and suppression of proliferative genes, such as CCNA2 and PCNA |
| 24244594 | Moreover, 3-aminobenzamide increased senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity, but decreased the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in mouse lungs in response to CS |
| 24008732 | The best characterized member of the ING family, ING1,interacts with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in a UV-inducible manner |
| 23296674 | We found that the absence of the proliferation markers Ki67 and PCNA combined with high density DNA damage foci (>5 gammaH2AX foci per nucleus) was the best quantitative indicator of cellular senescence |
| 23296674 | In this chapter, we describe protocols for the dual immunofluorescence-based quantification of Ki67/PCNA and gammaH2AX in both fixed cells and paraffin-embedded tissues |
| 22955272 | The retinoblastoma (Rb) protein mediates heterochromatin formation at the promoters of E2 transcription factor 1 (E2F1) target genes, such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin A2 (CCNA2), and represses these genes during cellular senescence |
| 22955272 | By comparing the promoter sequences of these genes, we found a novel TAAC element that is present in the cellular senescence-inhibited gene, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and CCNA2 promoters but absent from the ARF and p27(KIP1) promoters |
| 22952233 | Human DNA ligase I (hLigI) joins Okazaki fragments during DNA replication and completes excision repair via interactions with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and replication factor C (RFC) |
| 22952233 | Unlike proliferating cell nuclear antigen, the interaction with RFC is regulated by hLigI phosphorylation |
| 22819841 | Sublethal doses of H(2)O(2) decreased the level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in normal cells (including primary human dermal fibroblasts and IMR-90 cells) without affecting cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) activity, leading to cell cycle arrest and subsequent senescence |
| 22819841 | In contrast, exposure of cancer cells (such as HeLa and MCF7 cells) to H(2)O(2) increased CDK2 activity with no accompanying change in the PCNA level, leading to cell proliferation |
| 20457578 | We found that, in aged rats, wound healing improved in animals treated with LPA and/or ACI (relative to untreated controls), as assessed by histological analysis of reepithelialization and immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen |
| 19782086 | In human EPCs, cell senescence, apoptosis and proliferation were assessed by acidic beta-gal and measurement of telomere length, TUNEL and PCNA labeling, respectively |
| 19408652 | Biomarkers of senescence were assessed, including cell morphology, growth curve, life span, distribution of cell cycle and senescence associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-gal), and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) |
| 19408652 | The mRNA and protein level of PCNA decreased gradually during cellular senescence |
| 19223468 | Human DNA ligase I (hLigI) participates in DNA replication and excision repair via an interaction with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a DNA sliding clamp |
| 19223468 | In addition, hLigI interacts with and is inhibited by replication factor C (RFC), the clamp loader complex that loads PCNA onto DNA |
| 18691180 | Phenotypic effects may result from differential effects on gene expression since ING1a increases levels of both retinoblastoma and the p16 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and ING1a and ING1b have opposite effects on the expression of proliferating nuclear cell antigen (PCNA), which is required for cell growth |
| 18691180 | Gene expression appears to be altered by targeting of HDAC complexes to gene promoters since INGla associates with several-fold higher levels of HDAC1 in senescent, compared to replication-competent cells and ING1 is found on the PCNA promoter by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis |
| 17210095 | Positive stain of nuclear PCNA in p53(+/+) young mice had no statistical significance compared to p53(+/+) aged mice (P>0 |
| 17016587 | The characteristics of proliferation and metastasis were shown by PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), and nm23 and cell cycle-related genes, such as p16, p21, p53 and pRb, were analyzed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry |
| 17016587 | F6 cells exhibited strong positivity for PCNA and negativity for nm23 |
| 16888288 | The level of p16INK4a expression was negatively correlated with the level of PCNA expression |
| 16516887 | Relocalization occurs concomitantly with interaction with a subset of nuclear proteins, including PCNA, p53 and several regulators of acetylation such as the p300/CBP and PCAF histone acetyltransferases (HATs), as well as the histone deacetylases HDAC1 and hSir2 |
| 15220521 | Although the role of p21WAF1 has been explained so far only by its interaction with CDKs and with PCNA, it has several other binding partners |
| 15130753 | Replicative senescent cells showed a decreased ability to induce cell proliferation, probably due to the increased expression of the p53 protein and the decreased expression of the PCNA protein, and also showed increased expression of MMP-1, and decreased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and procollagen |
| 12633936 | Characterisation of the interaction between WRN, the helicase/exonuclease defective in progeroid Werner's syndrome, and an essential replication factor, PCNA |
| 12633936 | In this paper, we characterise the interaction between WRN and an essential replication factor, PCNA |
| 12633936 | We show that wild-type WRN protein physically associates with PCNA at physiological protein concentrations in normal cells, while no association is seen in cells from patients with WS |
| 12633936 | We demonstrate co-localisation of WRN and PCNA at replication factories, show that PCNA binds to two distinct functional sites on WRN, and suggest a mechanism by which association between WRN and PCNA may be regulated in cells on DNA damage and during DNA replication |
| 11980715 | A p21 mutant that lacked the ability to bind proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) retained the ability to induce both ROS and permanent growth arrest |
| 11980715 | All of these findings establish that p21 mediates senescence by a mechanism involving ROS accumulation which does not require either its PCNA binding or the CDK inhibitory functions shared with p16 |
| 10227381 | Immunocytochemical studies revealed that RPA, DNA pol-alpha, PCNA, and topo I levels are higher in the immortal cell types used in these studies |
| 10227381 | In the HF cells, levels of DNA pol-alpha-cat and PCNA are higher (per mg protein) in the low-passage than in the senescent cells |
| 10022898 | We also provide new evidence that p21 may play a role in inactivation of the DNA replication factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen during early senescence |
| 9925749 | Cyclin D1 inhibits cell proliferation through binding to PCNA and cdk2 |
| 9925749 | The complexes of cyclin D1 with PCNA and cdk2 increased remarkably in senescent cells, compared with young counterparts |
| 9925749 | DNA synthesis of NIH-3T3 transfectants with PCNA or cdk2 expression vectors was not inhibited by the overexpression of cyclin D1 |
| 9925749 | These results indicate that an excessive level of cyclin D1 represses cell proliferation by inhibiting DNA replication and cdk2 activity through the binding of cyclin D1 to PCNA and cdk2, as it does in senescent cells |
| 9698069 | Polypeptides involved in proliferation and DNA repair, such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67, have been found within zones of expected cell senescence |
| 8853893 | In addition to its inhibition of CDK enzymes and proliferating cell nuclear antigen function in DNA replication, these studies reveal a novel mechanism by which p21 mediates growth arrest: direct interaction with E2F complexes and negative regulation of E2F transcription factor activity |
| 7566157 | The protein p21 is a dual inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases and proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), both of which are required for passage through the cell cycle |
| 7667293 | The p53 tumor-suppressor protein binds DNA and activates the expression of a 21-kDa protein that inhibits both the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases and the function of proliferating cell nuclear antigen |
| 7615495 | The C-terminal region of p21SDI1/WAF1/CIP1 is involved in proliferating cell nuclear antigen binding but does not appear to be required for growth inhibition |
| 7615495 | Of interest were reports that p21SDI1 also bound proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), an auxiliary protein for DNA polymerase delta, and inhibited DNA replication but not DNA repair in vitro |
| 7615495 | To better understand the function of this interaction in vivo, we first determined the region of p21SDI1 that was needed for PCNA binding |
| 7615495 | Site-directed mutagenesis in this region led to the identification of the PCNA binding motif RQXXMTXFYXXXR and demonstrated that mutation of either amino acid Met-147 or Phe-150 resulted in almost complete ablation of PCNA binding |
| 7615495 | Interestingly, when we determined DNA synthesis inhibitory activity of deletion mutants or point mutants that were unable to bind Cdk2 and/or PCNA, we found that loss of binding to PCNA did not affect inhibitory activity, whereas lack of Cdk2 binding greatly reduced the same |
| 7698220 | Human cyclin D1 forms complexes with several Cdks, with proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and with a recently discovered 21-kDa inhibitor of Cdk activity |
| 7911228 | The p21 inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases controls DNA replication by interaction with PCNA |
| 7911228 | In normal human cells, but not in many tumour cells, p21 exists in a quaternary complex with a cyclin, a CDK, and the proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) |
| 7911228 | Furthermore, p21 blocks the ability of PCNA to activate DNA polymerase delta, the principal replicative DNA polymerase |
| 7911228 | This regulation results from a direct interaction between p21 and PCNA |
| 7911228 | Thus, during p53-mediated suppression of cell proliferation, p21 and PCNA may be important for coordinating cell-cycle progression, DNA replication and repair of damaged DNA |
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